See -st on Wiktionary
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"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:",
"text": "Thou com'st to use thy tongue.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"word": "-nd"
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{
"word": "-rd"
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"word": "-th"
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"text": "the 21st century",
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{
"alt": "e.g. 1ste = erste",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "first",
"word": "-st-"
},
{
"alt": "だい",
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},
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"code": "pl",
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"masculine"
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"code": "sv",
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"args": {
"1": "genitive"
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"word": "beknownst"
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"word": "midst"
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"word": "unbeknownst"
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"text": "among + -st → amongst",
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"text": "mid + -st → midst",
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"text": "while + -st → whilst",
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"text": "lachen (“to laugh”) + -st → du lachst (“you laugh, thou laughest”)",
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{
"text": "spielen (“to play”) + -st → du spielst (“you play, thou playest”)",
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"text": "klein (“small”) + -st → der kleinste (“the smallest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + -st → der längste (“the longest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "herzlich (“cordially”) + -st → am herzlichsten (“most cordially”)",
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{
"text": "schleunig (“speedily”) + -st → schleunigst (“straight away”)",
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],
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],
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{
"word": "bregðast"
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{
"word": "brjótast"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "heilsast"
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{
"word": "kveðjast"
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{
"word": "kyssast"
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{
"word": "látast"
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{
"word": "leiðast"
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{
"word": "líðast"
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{
"word": "minnast"
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{
"word": "segjast"
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{
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{
"word": "sjást"
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{
"word": "týnast"
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{
"word": "tærast"
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{
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{
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{
"word": "ætlast"
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 14 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-staa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs of manner from adjectives; -ly"
],
"id": "en--st-izh-suffix-eOu5Gugn",
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-stɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-stæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-st/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ʃt]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "elative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-sta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-sta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -sta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -st",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-sta. Cognates include Finnish -sta and Estonian -st.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-staan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-stamme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-staas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-stanne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-staa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the elative case; out of"
],
"id": "en--st-izh-suffix-KjknL6it",
"links": [
[
"elative case",
"elative case#English"
],
[
"out of",
"out of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-stɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-stæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-st/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ʃt]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "de",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from Old High German -ist, -ōst, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.\nThe expected form would be -scht as still in bescht (“best”) and meescht (“most”). The form -st is native in the northern third of Luxembourg and spread southwards, probably in part because the suffix is used in positions where /ʃ/ otherwise does not occur, and in part under the reinforcing influence of standard German.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the superlative of adjectives; -est"
],
"id": "en--st-lb-suffix-Ys5Scu-p",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ist, -ost, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"sort": "st"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the superlative of adjectives; -est"
],
"id": "en--st-dum-suffix-Ys5Scu-p",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drīfan (“to drive”) + -st → drīfst (“you/thou drive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the second person singular present indicative of strong verbs and certain Class I weak verbs"
],
"id": "en--st-ang-suffix-Ltqa9pu8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-σα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -σα (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -σα (-sa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-sai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-sai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-sai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"alt": "-sī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -sī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -sī"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-conj-pf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-soh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁m̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁m̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-stu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-seti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-seti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-swe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-swe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sowos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sowos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁tom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁tom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁tām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁tām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-somos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-somos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁n̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁n̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "-sh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soh₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-soh₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁h₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁h₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sth₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sth₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-seth₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-seth₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁th₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁th₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-swedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-swedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sowosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sowosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁wedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁wedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-smedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-smedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-somosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-somosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁medʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁medʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sedʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sedʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁dʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁dʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁ro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁ro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sm̥h₁nos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sm̥h₁nos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "*(ḗ)-st"
},
"expansion": "*(ḗ)-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(ḗ)-s",
"2": "(é)-s"
},
"name": "ine-conj-pf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-st",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs from roots."
],
"id": "en--st-ine-pro-suffix-5yaNyI2T",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine suffixes",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-þiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stem"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-þiz. The -s- is the result of a wrong segmentation of stem and suffix of a noun in cases where the stem of the noun ended with -s-. For example: a word like Dutch vorst (“frost”) could be interpreted as vors+t or as vor+st. This suffix existed already in Gothic (𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts), from *𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*unnan)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-sten",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-st f (plural -sten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"appended to the stem of a verb, this suffix yields a verbal noun; it is similar in function to the Dutch suffix -ing"
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vreemd (“strange”) → vreemdst (“strangest”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to an adjective this suffix forms the superlative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -st",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -st; see -est.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:",
"text": "Thou com'st to use thy tongue.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-nd"
},
{
"word": "-rd"
},
{
"word": "-th"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From the written form of first; see further etymology there.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the 21st century",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is \"first\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "e.g. 1ste = erste",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first",
"word": "-st-"
},
{
"alt": "だい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dai",
"sense": "first",
"word": "第"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "first",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-szy"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "against"
},
{
"word": "alongst"
},
{
"word": "amongst"
},
{
"word": "beknownst"
},
{
"word": "midst"
},
{
"word": "unbeknownst"
},
{
"word": "whilst"
},
{
"word": "whomst"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-s + -t",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "excrescent"
},
"expansion": "excrescent",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "genitive",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -s + -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "among + -st → amongst",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mid + -st → midst",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "while + -st → whilst",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning)."
],
"links": [
[
"Excrescent",
"excrescent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian suffix forms",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"partitive singular of -ne"
],
"links": [
[
"-ne",
"-ne#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"partitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "minnast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "non",
"3": "-sk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -sk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "seg"
},
"expansion": "Faroese seg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old Norse -sk, reduced form of the reflexive pronoun sik (whence Faroese seg).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "suffix",
"sort": "st"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese suffixes",
"Faroese terms derived from Old Norse",
"Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Faroese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"turns verbs into middle voice verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbs",
"verbs"
],
[
"middle voice verb",
"middle voice verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from older -es through rebracketing in inverted forms like sizzes du → sizzestu → sizzest du (“do you sit”). Further from a merger of various Old High German conjugation suffixes, from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lachen (“to laugh”) + -st → du lachst (“you laugh, thou laughest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spielen (“to play”) + -st → du spielst (“you play, thou playest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Verb suffix for the second-person singular."
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"ipa": "/s/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from a merger of Old High German -ist and -ōst, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz and *-ōstaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German links with redundant target parameters",
"German links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "klein (“small”) + -st → der kleinste (“the smallest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + -st → der längste (“the longest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "herzlich (“cordially”) + -st → am herzlichsten (“most cordially”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "schleunig (“speedily”) + -st → schleunigst (“straight away”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms superlatives of adjectives and adverbs, sometimes triggering umlaut."
],
"links": [
[
"umlaut",
"umlaut#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-t",
"nocat": "y",
"pos1": "adjective-forming suffix",
"pos2": "locative suffix"
},
"expansion": "-s (adjective-forming suffix) + -t (locative suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -t (locative suffix) in the Old Hungarian period. The adverbial sense of the locative suffix -t can be shown only in this -st morpheme.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an adverb of manner."
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"Appendix:Glossary#adverb"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverb-forming suffix) Forms an adverb of manner."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃt]"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "berast"
},
{
"word": "biðjast"
},
{
"word": "bjóðast"
},
{
"word": "bregðast"
},
{
"word": "brjótast"
},
{
"word": "drepast"
},
{
"word": "elskast"
},
{
"word": "eyðast"
},
{
"word": "fást"
},
{
"word": "finnast"
},
{
"word": "gerast"
},
{
"word": "gleðjast"
},
{
"word": "haldast"
},
{
"word": "heilsast"
},
{
"word": "kveðjast"
},
{
"word": "kyssast"
},
{
"word": "látast"
},
{
"word": "leiðast"
},
{
"word": "líðast"
},
{
"word": "minnast"
},
{
"word": "segjast"
},
{
"word": "setjast"
},
{
"word": "sjást"
},
{
"word": "týnast"
},
{
"word": "tærast"
},
{
"word": "venjast"
},
{
"word": "virðast"
},
{
"word": "ætlast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "-sk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -sk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sig"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sig",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse -sk, reduced form of the reflexive pronoun sik (whence Icelandic sig).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic suffixes",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"turns verbs into middle voice verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"verbs",
"verbs#English"
],
[
"middle voice verb",
"middle voice verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ingrian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-staa"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -sta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-stik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-stik",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sti"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -sti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-sti"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -sti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain:\n* Possibly identical to the elative marker (see below), exhibiting an archaic function of the elative, found also in archaic or dialectal Finnish -sta.\n* Alternatively, from Proto-Finnic *-stik, reanalysed as identical to the elative marker after vowel reduction. In this case akin to Finnish -sti and Estonian -sti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs of manner from adjectives; -ly"
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-stɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-stæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-st/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ʃt]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "elative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-sta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-sta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -sta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -st",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-sta. Cognates include Finnish -sta and Estonian -st.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-staan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-stamme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-staas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-stanne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-staa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the elative case; out of"
],
"links": [
[
"elative case",
"elative case#English"
],
[
"out of",
"out of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-stɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-stæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-s̠tæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-st/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ʃt]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -est",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "de",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -est, from Old High German -ist, -ōst, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.\nThe expected form would be -scht as still in bescht (“best”) and meescht (“most”). The form -st is native in the northern third of Luxembourg and spread southwards, probably in part because the suffix is used in positions where /ʃ/ otherwise does not occur, and in part under the reinforcing influence of standard German.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish suffixes",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the superlative of adjectives; -est"
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-istaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -ist, -ost, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suffix",
"sort": "st"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjective superlative forms",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch suffixes",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the superlative of adjectives; -est"
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English suffix forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drīfan (“to drive”) + -st → drīfst (“you/thou drive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the second person singular present indicative of strong verbs and certain Class I weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/st/"
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-σα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -σα (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -σα (-sa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-sai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-sai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-sai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"alt": "-sī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -sī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -sī"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-conj-pf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-soh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁m̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁m̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-stu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-seti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-seti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-syeh₁t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-syeh₁t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-swe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-swe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sowos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sowos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁tom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁tom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-stām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁tām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁tām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-somos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-somos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁te",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sonti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁n̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁n̥t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥ts",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "-sh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-soh₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-soh₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁h₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁h₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sth₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sth₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-seth₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-seth₂er",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁th₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁th₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-so",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-setor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-setor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-swedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-swedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sowosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sowosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁wedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁wedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"optative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"optative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-smedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-smedʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-somosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-somosdʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁medʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁medʰh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"optative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sdʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sedʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sedʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁dʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁dʰh₂we",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sn̥to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sn̥to",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḗ-sontor",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sih₁ro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sih₁ro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"optative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-sm̥h₁nos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "é-sm̥h₁nos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "*(ḗ)-st"
},
"expansion": "*(ḗ)-st",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(ḗ)-s",
"2": "(é)-s"
},
"name": "ine-conj-pf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-st",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European s-aorist verbs",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European verb-forming suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs from roots."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-st"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -st meaning in All languages combined (35.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.